Guide to Sustainable Urban Drainage Techniques
Description
BMP (Best Management Practices), LID (Low Impact Development), SUDS (Sustainable Urban Drainage systems), WSUD (Water Sensitive Urban Design) and GI (Green Infrastructure) are designations for Sustainable Techniques in Urban Drainage.<br />
Among the recommended devices: micro-reservoir, permeable floor, infiltration well, rain garden, grassland, infiltration trench, infiltration trench and green roof, which control the source, contributing to the retention in the lot, thus avoiding floods downstream.<br />
The elaborate guide aims to disseminate sustainable techniques, both for professionals in the area of Architecture and Engineering, students, public servants and the general population.
The Guide to Sustainable Urban Drainage Techniques is an instrument for achieving the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS), established by the United Nations Organization (UNO), in accordance with the goals of Objectives 11 and 13: to implement policies and integrated plans for the inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters; and take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.<br />
• ODS 6 - ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Goal 6.a. By 2030, expand international cooperation and support for capacity building for developing countries in water and sanitation related activities and programs, including water collection, desalination, water use efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies. Solution: encourage sustainable urban drainage techniques, cooperating with urban infrastructure, especially with micro-reservoirs that contribute to the collection and reuse of rainwater.<br />
• ODS 11 - aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, secure, resilient and sustainable. Goal 11b. Integrated policies and plans for inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Solution: Regulation, law or standard that encourages residents to implement sustainable techniques in urban lots.<br />
• ODS 13 - aims to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Goal 13.2. Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning. Solution: Environmental education: technical guide to be distributed to entrepreneurs and professionals in the area.<br />
Action strategy: use of sustainable techniques works as an instrument to improve urban infrastructure, increasing efficiency in micro and macrodrainage.<br />
By contributing to increased retention, detention and infiltration, it consequently prevents the occurrence of natural disasters: floods, floods and landslides. Therefore, it fits as a structural control measure, impacting directly on the basin, through infiltration, storage or retention of the flow peak. Actions can occur in private plots and public areas performing landscape function, ecological, environmental comfort, in addition to sustainable management of rainwater.<br />
Challenges addressed: dissemination among entrepreneurs, university students, professionals, civil servants and the population in general of the importance of applicability of these techniques in the Architecture, Engineering and Urban Planning of the city of Campo Grande - MS, through the availability of the digital archive in the sites of research bodies, professional councils, among others. In addition, the guide was consulted by the technicians of the City Hall of Campo Grande for the review of the Urban Development Master Plan, in the chapter corresponding to urban-environmental management, and stimulating the applicability of new techniques.<br />
Difficulties overcome: paradigm breakdown as to the distrust of the people in the efficiency of the sustainable techniques in urban drainage, considering the total ignorance of these instruments widely used in developed countries.
The digital file of the technical guide is available on the following web pages for consultation:
https://es.unhabitat.org/brasil/
https://repositorio.enap.gov.br
https://www.caums.gov.br/
The Technical Guide is being made available in universities, research centers, civil defense, community associations, public agencies, among others. We currently share in digital form or make the presentation presentation, however, we are looking for sponsorship for the publication, printing and distribution of work in libraries and other places of teaching;
Publication of the techniques propose the reduction and control of the surface runoff of the rainwater, generated by the high urban waterproofing;
Objectively, methodologically and playfully propose the applicability of all these techniques (structural measures in drainage);
Encourage the rational use of the mentioned techniques, with the information of the fiscal benefits, according to the Drainage Policy, to be implemented in the municipality.
In addition, the guide encourages the adoption of control in the occupation of the soil, protecting the areas most susceptible to erosion, wetlands, near springs or watercourses, adding permeability and preserving springs.
In the medium term, the guide will support the technicians of the city council, who are responsible for the approval of urban projects, which will indicate them, aiming to minimize the impacts caused by the large volume of flood generated directly by urbanization through infiltration, detention and retention in the soil.
In the long term, we expect to increase the dissemination of the work through campaigns, actions, programs and educational projects aimed at spreading the importance of urban drainage systems and techniques to prevent flooding and flooding in urban areas, considering that such problems still cause regions of the city and cause many disorders in the rainy season (Summer in Brazil).
Considering that the lack of control in the upstream occupation causes an increase in flow, and the need to expand the canal, such an exit becomes impossible due to the lack of available space. However, the incentive to occupy its banks and the increase of upstream waterproof areas causes water to accumulate in the downstream areas, causing new floods. After the execution of the drainage works, the problem is greater, since there is no permeability band in its margins.
From the existing paradigm shift, that is, encouraging sustainable drainage practices to the detriment of the millionaire macrodrainage works, the population feels capable of transforming the urban landscape positively. Among the effective solutions envisaged from the GUIDE TO SUSTAINABLE TECHNIQUES IN URBAN DRAINAGE are:
Regulation of Tax Incentives for real estate that has systems of retention, detention, infiltration and reuse of rainwater. Concluding that the tax reduction incentive justifies the urban-environmental benefit provided to the city;
Organization and periodic distribution of the Cleaning and maintenance teams of Urban Drainage Systems. Both of the microdrainage (gutters, collecting mouths, visit wells), as well as macrodrainage (galleries, canals, detention basins, etc);
Land Use Management as Occupancy Restriction Measures in Floodplain Areas, in addition to controlling the occupation of areas with outcropping. The control in soil occupation aims to protect: areas more susceptible to erosion, wetlands, near springs or water courses, increasing permeability and preserving springs;
Decree of expropriation of the lots that comprise the greater river bed. Aiming at vacating, aimed at the public interest in the containment of floods, caused by high urbanization (waterproofing);
Creation of Parks, Reserves and ZEIA's (Special Areas of Environmental Interest) indispensable for the preservation of water courses, areas of recharge of the sheet and increase of permeability. The implantation of green areas, the reforestation of riparian forests, the creation of urban parks provides improvement of the quality of life to the population, besides providing greater areas of infiltration, percolation and evapotranspiration;
Incentive to use infiltration ditches and ditches, used in parallel with streets, roads, parking lots and housing complexes, among others. Reducing flooding in public places. These ditches concentrate the flow of adjacent areas and create conditions for infiltration along their length.
I encourage the approval of allotment and multiresidential projects that apply the sustainable techniques (BMP / LEAD), and the certification "GREEN". Ecologically efficient projects, which follow socio-environmental standards, should be disseminated to the population, encouraging practices and projects that meet their requirements (energy efficiency, rainwater reuse, etc.);
I. Encourage the creation of parks, reserves and ZEIA's (Special Areas of Environmental Interest) indispensable for the preservation of watercourses, areas of recharge of the sheet and increase of permeability. In addition to restructuring existing green areas and interconnecting them as urban ecological corridors, thus increasing the quality of urban life;
II. Management of land use as measures to restrict occupation in wetland areas, in addition to controlling the occupation of areas with outlying water table;
III. Tax incentives for real estate that has rainwater retention, detention, infiltration and reuse systems;
IV. Cleaning and maintenance of urban drainage systems increases their efficiency, and consequently their useful life. The organization and periodic distribution of the cleaning and maintenance teams of the Urban Drainage Systems, both of the microdrainage (gutters, mouths, visit wells) and macrodrainage (galleries, canals, etc.). The information on these data for public management helps to increase the useful life of the drainage system, also preventing the wastage of public funds;
V. Encouraging the approval of allotment and multiresidential projects that apply sustainable techniques (BMP / LID), and the "GREEN" certification; SAW.
VI. Stimulate the implementation of sustainable techniques through campaigns, actions, programs and educational projects thus disclosing the importance of these techniques to optimize the urban drainage network, making the citizens participatory.
The processes of growth, densification and waterproofing in the cities are associated with the reduction or deterioration of green areas and, even, permanent preservation, contributing to an overload in the public drainage network, making it more susceptible to floods and floods, reducing its reliability and resilience.<br />
Considering that the authors are municipal public employees, specifically architects, and over the years analyzing urban projects to be deployed in the city of Campo Grande, they have always encountered the lack of concern and lack of knowledge of the technicians responsible for the drainage projects of the enterprises, overloading so the public drainage network, and consequently burdening the works of macrodrainage (corrective measures). <br />
Non-structural Control Measures to be implemented refer to the regulation of laws, standards, procedures, as well as social actions that encourage sustainable practices, in which case the work developed is inspiring the revision of the urban-environmental Master Plan of the city of Campo Grande, regarding the increase of permeability in urban lots, recommending the implementation of instruments that increase infiltration, retention and / or detention. <br />
The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate, through simple conceptualization, schematic drawings and calculation memory, the effective and clear applicability and comparison of these devices in the urban environment of the city of Campo Grande - MS (replicating at state and federal levels) primarily on the public and private lot scale. Therefore, the publicizing of techniques to professionals and entrepreneurs, encouraging their use in drainage projects contributes to the drastic reduction of the flow directed to macrodrainage, thus helping urban growth in an orderly and less environmentally impacting way.
As the central focus is to disseminate and popularize the techniques for urban applicability, the best way is to disseminate in as many channels as possible: public organ sites, research centers, universities, class institutions, among others.
In addition, sustainable techniques in urban drainage have been recommended as environmental compensatory instruments aimed at urban development projects (subdivisions, multiresidential, large enterprises) filed at the City Hall of Campo Grande - MS, based on the Urban-Environmental Development Master Plan and Urban Land Use and Occupancy Law, that is, subsidizing urban and environmental legislation.
At the moment the sites where the guide is available are the following:
https://es.unhabitat.org/brasil/
https://repositorio.enap.gov.br
https://www.caums.gov.br/
https://sites.google.com/view/sisgran-cg
SDGS & Targets
Deliverables & Timeline
Resources mobilized
Partnership Progress
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Feedback
Action Network
Timeline
Entity
Region
- Latin America and the Caribbean
Geographical coverage
Website/More information
Countries
Contact Information
Adriana/Ivanete Gutierrez/Ramos, Architects