Remediation of the polluted sediments in Shipyard Bijela, defined in the National Action Plan (NAP) of Montenegro for the implementation of the LBS Protocol and its Regional Plans in the Framework of the SAP-MED with the aim to achieve Good Environmental
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Description
Pollution in Bijela Shipyard is a result of industrial activities. A mixture of different waste fractions (hazardous/non-hazardous) was dumped on the shipyard's mostly unpaved surface: 30,000m (60,000t) of spent iron blasting grit, 2,000t of contaminated municipal waste, some hundred tons of steel scrap, several tons of construction waste, outdated oil and sludge recovery equipment and some dilapidation from hulks of ships. Spent sandblasting grit was classified as hazardous waste, mainly because of its high concentrations of TBT in solid and leachate samples.
Analysis shows that surface of the shipyard is contaminated with toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, and TBT, originating from the deposited industrial wastes. Also, organic parameters such as PCB and PAH were found to be highly to moderately elevated.
As for sea water quality, it should be mentioned that the average depth of water in the shipyards harbour is about 6m. Only a channel at the northern side of the smaller jetty is 15 to 20m deep. Contaminated waste material (mostly spent sandblasting grit) was partly dumped on the sea floor next to the shipyard. Apparently, most of this material was removed from the sea floor and dumped on-land at the shipyard site. Sediment analyses showed considerable remaining contamination with some compounds (Cu, Ni, Cr, TBT and PAH). At this stage, general design for remediation of the Bijela Shipyard (to be implemented under IWCMP) includes remediation of the soil/subsoil and identified surface waste, but does not include remediation of the pollution identified in the sediment adjacent to the shipyard due to a lack of suitable and reliable set of data (despite the fact that some preliminary analyses have been done already) needed to develop a detailed design for this segment too. Sediment contamination needs to be addressed under a different framework.
Monitoring programme for groundwater, sediment and aquatic fauna (mussels) should be performed during at least five years following remediation. It comprises, at least, bi-annual sampling and analysis of the groundwater (TPH) and of sediments and mussels (TBT, heavy metals).
Therefore, the main objectives of this project proposal are to reduce the identified associated environmental hazards from the polluted sediments adjacent to Bijela Shipyard, and to reduce contamination of Montenegros natural resources and public health risks from exposure to this contamination.
SDGS & Targets
Goal 6
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
6.1
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
6.1.1
Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
6.2
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
6.2.1
Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water
6.3
By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
6.3.1
Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treated
6.3.2
Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
6.4
6.4.1
Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
6.5
By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
6.5.1
Degree of integrated water resources management
6.5.2
Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
6.6
6.6.1
Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
6.a
6.a.1
Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan
6.b
Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
6.b.1
Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management
Goal 14
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
14.1
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
14.1.1
(a) Index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris density
14.2
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
14.2.1
Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas
14.3
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
14.3.1
14.4
By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
14.4.1
14.5
By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
14.5.1
14.6
By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
14.6.1
Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
14.7
By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14.7.1
Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries
14.a
Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
14.a.1
14.b
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
14.b.1
Degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small‐scale fisheries
14.c
Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of "The future we want"
14.c.1
Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources
SDG 14 targets covered
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| 14.1 | By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution |
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Jelena Knezevic, Head of Department for Sustainable Development and Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism