Argentina, Bolivia and Ecuador
COMMENTS BY TROIKA ARGENTINA-BOLIVIA-ECUADOR
Co-Chairs Working Document for 5 – 9 May Session of Open Working Group
THE TROIKA ALIGNS ITSELF WITH ALL COMMENTS MADE BY G77 AND CHINA.
Focus area 1. Poverty eradication, building shared prosperity and promoting equality
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Appropriate means of implementation
- Ensure predictable and adequate international financing for developing countries requiring assistance to implement poverty reduction policies and programmes,
- Ensure the fulfillment of the commitments by developed countries to provide 0.7 per cent of gross national income (GNI) for official development assistance (ODA) for developing countries, as well as a target of 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to the least developed countries by 2020 and 1 per cent by 2030
- Ensure that global trade and investment rules are designed and implemented with the objective of addressing pro-actively the specific constraints faced by developing countries, including the effective operationalization of the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, especially those facing increasing marginalization in the globalizing world economy
- To ensure that adequate policy space is given to developing countries by International organisations and rules to enable developing countries to establish and implement their policies in favour of poverty eradication and interests of the poor
- Ensure debt sustainability
Focus area 2. Sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition
End hunger and improve nutrition for all through sustainable agriculture and improved food systems
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Appropriate means of implementation
- Eliminate by 20xx all export subsidies in developed countries (in line with WTO Hong Kong Declaration 2005, which agreed on an elimination target year of 2013)
- Substantially and effectively phase out trade distorting subsidies in developed countries by x% by 20xx
- Increase the flow, transfer and dissemination of clean and environmentally sound agricultural technologies to developing countries by 2020
- Support developing countries, especially LDCs, in implementing capacity building programmes in support of the national plans for agriculture
- Provide developing countries adequate policy space, including in conditions for loans and aid, to support their agriculture sector and their farmers through various measures such as credit, marketing, storage, processing, provision of agricultural inputs, land reform and land improvement measures, and measures to make agriculture more sustainable through improved sustainable agriculture methods
- Avoid rules that create barriers to small farmers’ access and use of seeds and other agricultural inputs, for example the patenting by international companies of seeds or genetic resources that originate in developing countries
Focus area 3. Health and population dynamics
Healthy life at all ages for all
a) by 2030 reduce the maternal mortality ratio to less than 40 per 100,000 live births , end preventable new-born and child deaths and reduce by x% child and maternal morbidity
b) Promote prevention and early detection and ENSURE UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO THE COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF HIV/AIDS tuberculosis, malaria and other tropical disease.(by 2030 end the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases )
c) reduce by x% the risk of preventable (premature) mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), injuries, discriminations (and promote mental health) with strong focus on prevention
d) achieve universal health coverage (UHC), including financial risk protection and health costs related to disability, with particular attention to the most marginalized including persons with disabilities.
e) by 2030 ensure universal access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all,
f) ensure universal access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health for all, including modern methods of family planning
g) decrease by x% the number of deaths and illnesses from indoor and outdoor air pollution and other forms of environmental degradation
h) Eliminate narcotic drug and substance abuse
Appropriate means of implementation
- Support research and development of vaccines and medicines for the common diseases of developing countries.
- Ensure affordable access to affordable medicines, including through the use of TRIPS flexibilities to obtain use and produce affordable generic medicines by 20xx.
- Further collaboration and cooperation at the national and international levels to strengthen health systems through increased health financing, recruitment, development and training and retention of the health workforce, through improved distribution and access to safe, affordable, effective and quality medicines, vaccines and medical technologies, and by improving health infrastructure.
Focus area 4. Education and life-long learning
Provide quality education and life-long learning for all to achieve and integral human being
a) by 2030 ensure universal, free, equitable access to and completion of quality primary and secondary education for all girls and boys, leading to effective learning outcomes
a bis) By 2020 icnlude intercultural education for primary and secondary education.
b) ensure that persons with disabilities have access to inclusive education, skills development and vocational training
c) by 2030 increase by x% the proportion of children able to access and complete quality pre-primary education
d) by 2030 achieve universal youth and adult literacy, with particular attention to women and the most vulnerable (most marginalized)
e) by 2030 increase by x% the number of young and adult women and men with vocational training, technical, engineering and scientific skills
f) integrate relevant knowledge and skills in education curricula, including ICT skills , education for sustainable development, and awareness raising on culture’s contribution to sustainable development
g) all schools to provide safe, healthy, respectful and inclusive learning environment for all students and teachers.
g bis) Implement by 20xx curriculum and educational practices that promote inclusive education towards people with disabilities, indigenous people and all other historically excluded groups, and that eliminate gender stereotypes, sexism and homophobia in order to eliminate all forms of discrimination and racism.
Appropriate means of implementation
- Expand by x% globally the number of scholarships for students from developing countries in particular LDCs to enroll in higher education programmes in developed countries and other developing countries, with focus on science, engineering and management.
Focus area 5. Gender equality and women’s empowerment
Attain gender equality and women’s empowerment everywhere
a) By 2030 end all forms of discrimination based on gender and violence against all girls and women of all ages, including by revoking all gender discriminatory legislation, policies and practices. by 2030 end all forms of discrimination against women of all ages
b) By 2030, end all forms of gender-based violence against women and girls in all their diversity and end impunity for gender-based violence. by 2030 end violence against women and girls in all its forms,
c) By 2030 ensure equal access to education including a commitment to universal, quality and free education for all women and girls at all levels, life-long learning and comprehensive sexuality education. (ensure equal access to education at all levels)
d) By 2030 ensure equal employment opportunities for women and equal pay for equal work
e) By 2030 ensure equal access to, ownership, inheritance, and control of, productive assets and resources, including land, credit, and natural resources management, that promote fair redistribution of assets. (ensure equal access to, and control of, assets and resources, including natural resources management)
f) By 2020 ensure equal and full participation and leadership of women and girls in decision-making at all levels in public and private institutions and spheres. (ensure equal participation and leadership of women in decision-making in public and private institutions)
g) by 2030 end child, early and forced marriage
h) by 2030 reduce the burden of unpaid care work
i) by 2030 ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights
j) promote the availability of gender disaggregated data to improve gender equality policies, including gender sensitive budgeting
Appropriate means of implementation
- Provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer.
Focus area 6. Water and sanitation
Access to Water and sanitation for all (a sustainable world)
Pre a) By 20xx, establish and ensure the human rights to water and sanitation in the with due regard to national legislation and the sovereignty of States.
a) by 2030, provide universal access to safe and affordable drinking water, and sanitation (and hygiene) , especially for women and girls
b) by 2030, improve water quality, wastewater management, recycling and reuse by x%
c) (by 2030, improve water-use efficiency by x% in all sectors, with particular focus on agriculture)
d) implement integrated water resource management, including appropriate trans-boundary co-operation
e) by 2030, bring fresh water extraction in line with sustainable supply, protect, restore and promote regeneration of ecosystems, to provide water-related services move to ecosystems.
f) by 2030, significantly improve water quality, eliminate pollution and dumping of toxic materials in water bodies, and protect aquifers
g) invest in water harvesting and storage technologies, and double the rainwater harvested by 2030
h) decrease by x% mortality and serious injuries, and decrease economic losses caused by water-related disasters, by 2030
Appropriate means of implementation
- Support effortS in developing countries on water and sanitation activities and programmes, through provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer.
Focus area 7. Energy
Ensure access to affordable, sustainable, and reliable modern energy services for all
a) by 2030 ensure universal access to (sustainable modern) energy services
increase significantly (double) the share of renewable energy (n the global energy mix) by 2030 according to national circumstances.
b) Increase significantly (double) the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency, (including in buildings, industry, agriculture and transport), by 2030 according to national circumstances.
c) (by 2030 increase by x% the share of clean and low- or zero-emission energy technologies, including sustainable biomass and advanced cookstoves)
d) (by 2030 phase out fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption)
Appropriate means of implementation
- Encouraging public and private sector investment, in particular public-private partnerships, in relevant and needed cleaner energy technologies.
- Encourage the use of TRIPS flexibilities in relation to promoting the use of environmentally sound energy technologies.
- Strengthen international cooperation, including the provision of financial resources, building and technology transfer to developing countries to support their efforts towards universal energy access.
- Enable greater access by developing countries to affordable access to clean energy technology, and in this regard, operationalize the UN Global Technology Facilitation Mechanism by 2017.
- Remove by 20xx, barriers that developing countries face or may face, in obtaining access to clean energy technologies.
Focus area 8. Economic growth, employment and infrastructure
Promote (sustainable), inclusive and sustained economic growth and decent jobs for all in harmony with nature
a) Sustain, through redistributive policies, the income growth of the bottom 40% of the income distribution and the most vulnerable of each country to reduce income inequalities by 2030
a bis) By 2030 increase significantly the incomes of economic activities of community organization, small-scale producers and microenterprises in all sectors.
a ter) Support the development and improver the provision in particular in developing countries of reliable and sustainable, including road and rail links, ports, air and trade routes, financial services and ICT connectivity.
b) achieve full (and productive) employment and decent work for all including youth and (who seek employment including for) marginalized groups by 2030
c) (halve the number of youth not in employment, education or training by 2020)
d) (by 2030 improve by x% the energy and resource productivity of economic activities and reduce by y% their waste and emissions per unit of output)
e) Devise and implement policies aimed at increasing the role of SMEs in national economies as well as community and indigenous and peasants organizations and promoting and supporting (create appropriate climate for SMEs), entrepreneurship and innovation by 2020
f) increase the share of high productivity sectors and activities in the economy , while promoting development and restoration and regeneration of ecosystems, and strengthen productive capacities through technological upgrading and greater value addition, with a particular focus on LDCs
g) develop sustainable infrastructure accessible to all , with attention to needs of countries in special situations , and by 2030 provide access for 100% of rural populations to basic infrastructure and services, including water supply services.
h) protect the rights of all workers, including migrant workers, in compliance with ILO fundamental rights at work
i) end child labour by 2030
j) encourage the access of the (formalization of) informal sector to social security. (activities and employment)
Appropriate means of implementation
- Facilitating international technology cooperation and technology transfer, particularly for environmentally sound technologies.
- Developing countries to be provided with international financing to enable them to implement growth and development strategies.
- International trade and investment rules should be designed to promote growth and development of developing countries, especially low income countries.
- Debt relief for developing countries.
- Establishing a UN Global Technology Facilitation Mechanism.
- Create conducive regulatory and financial systems at all levels to promote sustained growth in developing countries.
- Promote trade facilitation and market access for developing countries.
- Provide support to developing countries in planning and building resilient infrastructure including for disaster risk reduction.
Focus area 9. Industrialization and promoting equality among nations
Promote (sustainable) industrialization (and equality among nations)
a) ensure adequate policy space and promote (a conducive policy environment for) industrial development, and entrepreneurship, including encouragement of SMEs, indigenous and small-scale production. (including encouragement of industrial entrepreneurship and enterprise formation with inclusion of SMEs)
a bis) Ensure the inclusion of SME and community organizations to the process of industrialization.
a ter) Increase economic diversification in developing countries including by adding value to raw materials and commodities through domestic processing and manufacturing.
a quat) Achieve sustained industrial development in developing countries including by adding value to raw materials and commodities through domestic processing and manufacturing.
A quint) Ensure favourable market access for industrial products of developing countries.
b) create decent industrial sector jobs and promote job-rich industrial development
c) achieve high productivity levels across industrial sectors in all countries
d) by 2030 increase industrial diversity particularly in developing countries, with a focus on shifting towards higher value-added activities
e) (by 2030, increase by x% the resource-efficiency of industry , reduce by y% harmful chemicals used and waste generated , and decrease by z% the intensity of carbon emissions from the industrial sector)
f) (increase by a factor of x the share of environmentally sustainable products and services in GDP)
g) by 2020 implement plans and measures to strengthen the technological capabilities of industrial sectors, including plans to accelerate development transfer and adoption of environmentally sound industrial technologies and processes
h) (by 2030 retrofit x% of existing industries on global level based on energy and resource-efficient technologies and environmentally sound industrial processes)
Appropriate means of implementation
- Ensure that international trade rules and regulations are consistent with the objectives of industrial development and technologies progress in developing countries in order to ensure equality of economic opportunities for all.
- Strengthen international cooperation; including the provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer to developing countries “in support of developing countries” industrial development objectives.
- Developing countries to be provided with international financing, technology and capacity building to enable them to develop their infrastructure.
Focus area 10. Sustainable cities and human settlements
Build inclusive, safe and sustainable cities and human settlements
a) By 2030, ensure universal access to adequate and affordable housing and basic services for all , and eliminate slum-like conditions everywhere
b) By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport for all , improve road safety and urban air quality
c) enhance capacities for integrated urban planning and management
d) (by 2030, reduce the ecological footprints of cities by x%)
e) by 2020, increase by x% the number of (cities) rural and urban areas adopting and implementing policies and plans towards resilience and adaptation to climate change and natural disasters
f) by 2030 enhance social cohesion and personal security, and ensure universal access to inclusive and safe public spaces
g) by 2030 ensure that all cities are accessible and offer opportunities to persons with disabilities
h) protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
Appropriate means of implementation
- Provide developing countries with enhanced international financing to enable them to promote sustainable human settlement.
- Support the development and improve the provision in particular in developing countries of reliable and sustainable transport, including road and rail links, ports, air and trade routes, financial services and ICT connectivity.
- Assist developing countries in enhancing their capacities and ensure affordable access to related know-how, science, technologies and innovations.
Focus area 11. Sustainable Consumption and Production
Promote sustainable consumption and production patterns
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 12. Climate change
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 13. Conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas
Take urgent and significant actions for the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 14. Ecosystems and biodiversity
Protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems and halt all biodiversity loss
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 15. Means of implementation/Global partnership for sustainable development
Strengthen global partnership for sustainable development
Means of implementation
WE PROPOSE TO WORK ON THE BASIS OF THE PROPOSALS SUBMITTED BY EGYPT.
Focus area 16. Peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law and capable institutions
Peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law and capable institutions
Regarding Focus Area 16, our troika does not believe that something defined as “peaceful and inclusive societies” thus focusing in prevention of conflict and other phenomena should be included as an SDG. To us, prevention of conflict, violence and crime are the result of the strengthening of the rule of law, but at the same time, the strengthening of the rule of law goes well beyond the prevention of conflict and crime, and includes many other elements also essential for the development of the human being. We would then prefer to categorize a series of targets as “Rule of Law”.
So, going to rule of law, we must point out that we need to avoid incurring in trying to define the concept. There is not a unique model for compliance with the rule of law and doctrine is not pacific regarding its definition. The important thing is its content, and to draft it as specific targets.
We would prefer to incorporate such targets in the document is in a cross-cutting manner, because they are by nature enablers of development: that of humans and that of countries.
Regarding the proposals of the co-chairs, we are fine with most of them, so just a few observations, and proposals:
a) We understand the proposal to reduce in X percentage crime, violence and exploitation of women and children and other phenomena, although we are not sure that this is a target that could be subject to a percentage. It also departs from well known criteria for example, on address access to justice by women and protocols that need to be followed by the security sector.
b) The reference to justice should be to “accountable and independent justice”, as referred to in some other fora. Regarding specification of particular legal areas, we would prefer a more generic enunciation of the need to ensure access to justice by all and with respect to all branches of the law.
c) Regarding the link between public services for all and legal identity, we fail to see that link. Legal identity is a human right that needs to be ensured, we disagree with treating it as a public service.
d) We believe that the reference to “capable” institutions could be subject to misinterpretations. We would prefer to refer to “accountable institutions” which is what makes sense to citizens.
e) Regarding access to information by public, we believe it is a crucial element in the fight against corruption and the search for more transparency and better governance. We propose not to limit such access to the spheres of public finance, public procurement and development plans.
f) Regarding the reduction of corruption, we are not convinced a target defining a percentage is the right way to go. By its own nature, corruption could be difficult to measure and a target agreed to with a percentage would in fact be counterproductive in the efforts to combat corruption.
g) We believe the fight against impunity for serious crimes of international concern cannot be left aside. We therefore propose to include the need to ensure accountability for such crimes, to bring justice and reparation to victims and to ensure sustainability of peace and reconciliation processes in conflict and post-conflict situations.
h) There are many targets with respect to the rights of the individual that could be included. Many rights, including equality and non discrimination, are essential to the human person. These issues could easily enjoy consensus as they derive from conventional norms of international law. Also, the General Assembly made reference to many human rights issues in its High Level Declaration on the Rule of Law. We would like to see more targets related to the rights of individuals and groups as such in this document.
Finally, a more general comment that goes to the substance of the whole issue:
The General Assembly has been dealing with this issue as “The Rule of Law at the National and International Levels”. We fail to see why there is no proposal regarding the international level, even when the GA itself has agreed on some issues at its High Level Declaration on the Rule of Law. We can see think of the fact that certain things cannot be objectives as they are fundamental obligations of States, such as respect of the UN Charter or compliance with international law. But some others could be easily incorporated as they have a strong link with the interlinkages between development and rule of law at the national level. For example, the use of unilateral measures against developing countries can affect their ability to trade and to grow and many times they do not conform to international law, the need to make progress in mandates at the WTO that generate a disadvantageous situation for many countries, in particular developing ones, such as negotiations on subsidies to agriculture; and the many times mentioned need to reform international financial institutions. As I said, the High Level Declaration adopted by the General Assembly included many of these aspects, we believe they should be also included.
PLEASE DELETE ALL ENDNOTES, SINCE THE ATTRIBUTIONS WERE NOT CORRECT.
Endnotes
Co-Chairs Working Document for 5 – 9 May Session of Open Working Group
THE TROIKA ALIGNS ITSELF WITH ALL COMMENTS MADE BY G77 AND CHINA.
Focus area 1. Poverty eradication, building shared prosperity and promoting equality
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Appropriate means of implementation
- Ensure predictable and adequate international financing for developing countries requiring assistance to implement poverty reduction policies and programmes,
- Ensure the fulfillment of the commitments by developed countries to provide 0.7 per cent of gross national income (GNI) for official development assistance (ODA) for developing countries, as well as a target of 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to the least developed countries by 2020 and 1 per cent by 2030
- Ensure that global trade and investment rules are designed and implemented with the objective of addressing pro-actively the specific constraints faced by developing countries, including the effective operationalization of the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, especially those facing increasing marginalization in the globalizing world economy
- To ensure that adequate policy space is given to developing countries by International organisations and rules to enable developing countries to establish and implement their policies in favour of poverty eradication and interests of the poor
- Ensure debt sustainability
Focus area 2. Sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition
End hunger and improve nutrition for all through sustainable agriculture and improved food systems
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Appropriate means of implementation
- Eliminate by 20xx all export subsidies in developed countries (in line with WTO Hong Kong Declaration 2005, which agreed on an elimination target year of 2013)
- Substantially and effectively phase out trade distorting subsidies in developed countries by x% by 20xx
- Increase the flow, transfer and dissemination of clean and environmentally sound agricultural technologies to developing countries by 2020
- Support developing countries, especially LDCs, in implementing capacity building programmes in support of the national plans for agriculture
- Provide developing countries adequate policy space, including in conditions for loans and aid, to support their agriculture sector and their farmers through various measures such as credit, marketing, storage, processing, provision of agricultural inputs, land reform and land improvement measures, and measures to make agriculture more sustainable through improved sustainable agriculture methods
- Avoid rules that create barriers to small farmers’ access and use of seeds and other agricultural inputs, for example the patenting by international companies of seeds or genetic resources that originate in developing countries
Focus area 3. Health and population dynamics
Healthy life at all ages for all
a) by 2030 reduce the maternal mortality ratio to less than 40 per 100,000 live births , end preventable new-born and child deaths and reduce by x% child and maternal morbidity
b) Promote prevention and early detection and ENSURE UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO THE COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF HIV/AIDS tuberculosis, malaria and other tropical disease.(by 2030 end the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases )
c) reduce by x% the risk of preventable (premature) mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), injuries, discriminations (and promote mental health) with strong focus on prevention
d) achieve universal health coverage (UHC), including financial risk protection and health costs related to disability, with particular attention to the most marginalized including persons with disabilities.
e) by 2030 ensure universal access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all,
f) ensure universal access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health for all, including modern methods of family planning
g) decrease by x% the number of deaths and illnesses from indoor and outdoor air pollution and other forms of environmental degradation
h) Eliminate narcotic drug and substance abuse
Appropriate means of implementation
- Support research and development of vaccines and medicines for the common diseases of developing countries.
- Ensure affordable access to affordable medicines, including through the use of TRIPS flexibilities to obtain use and produce affordable generic medicines by 20xx.
- Further collaboration and cooperation at the national and international levels to strengthen health systems through increased health financing, recruitment, development and training and retention of the health workforce, through improved distribution and access to safe, affordable, effective and quality medicines, vaccines and medical technologies, and by improving health infrastructure.
Focus area 4. Education and life-long learning
Provide quality education and life-long learning for all to achieve and integral human being
a) by 2030 ensure universal, free, equitable access to and completion of quality primary and secondary education for all girls and boys, leading to effective learning outcomes
a bis) By 2020 icnlude intercultural education for primary and secondary education.
b) ensure that persons with disabilities have access to inclusive education, skills development and vocational training
c) by 2030 increase by x% the proportion of children able to access and complete quality pre-primary education
d) by 2030 achieve universal youth and adult literacy, with particular attention to women and the most vulnerable (most marginalized)
e) by 2030 increase by x% the number of young and adult women and men with vocational training, technical, engineering and scientific skills
f) integrate relevant knowledge and skills in education curricula, including ICT skills , education for sustainable development, and awareness raising on culture’s contribution to sustainable development
g) all schools to provide safe, healthy, respectful and inclusive learning environment for all students and teachers.
g bis) Implement by 20xx curriculum and educational practices that promote inclusive education towards people with disabilities, indigenous people and all other historically excluded groups, and that eliminate gender stereotypes, sexism and homophobia in order to eliminate all forms of discrimination and racism.
Appropriate means of implementation
- Expand by x% globally the number of scholarships for students from developing countries in particular LDCs to enroll in higher education programmes in developed countries and other developing countries, with focus on science, engineering and management.
Focus area 5. Gender equality and women’s empowerment
Attain gender equality and women’s empowerment everywhere
a) By 2030 end all forms of discrimination based on gender and violence against all girls and women of all ages, including by revoking all gender discriminatory legislation, policies and practices. by 2030 end all forms of discrimination against women of all ages
b) By 2030, end all forms of gender-based violence against women and girls in all their diversity and end impunity for gender-based violence. by 2030 end violence against women and girls in all its forms,
c) By 2030 ensure equal access to education including a commitment to universal, quality and free education for all women and girls at all levels, life-long learning and comprehensive sexuality education. (ensure equal access to education at all levels)
d) By 2030 ensure equal employment opportunities for women and equal pay for equal work
e) By 2030 ensure equal access to, ownership, inheritance, and control of, productive assets and resources, including land, credit, and natural resources management, that promote fair redistribution of assets. (ensure equal access to, and control of, assets and resources, including natural resources management)
f) By 2020 ensure equal and full participation and leadership of women and girls in decision-making at all levels in public and private institutions and spheres. (ensure equal participation and leadership of women in decision-making in public and private institutions)
g) by 2030 end child, early and forced marriage
h) by 2030 reduce the burden of unpaid care work
i) by 2030 ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights
j) promote the availability of gender disaggregated data to improve gender equality policies, including gender sensitive budgeting
Appropriate means of implementation
- Provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer.
Focus area 6. Water and sanitation
Access to Water and sanitation for all (a sustainable world)
Pre a) By 20xx, establish and ensure the human rights to water and sanitation in the with due regard to national legislation and the sovereignty of States.
a) by 2030, provide universal access to safe and affordable drinking water, and sanitation (and hygiene) , especially for women and girls
b) by 2030, improve water quality, wastewater management, recycling and reuse by x%
c) (by 2030, improve water-use efficiency by x% in all sectors, with particular focus on agriculture)
d) implement integrated water resource management, including appropriate trans-boundary co-operation
e) by 2030, bring fresh water extraction in line with sustainable supply, protect, restore and promote regeneration of ecosystems, to provide water-related services move to ecosystems.
f) by 2030, significantly improve water quality, eliminate pollution and dumping of toxic materials in water bodies, and protect aquifers
g) invest in water harvesting and storage technologies, and double the rainwater harvested by 2030
h) decrease by x% mortality and serious injuries, and decrease economic losses caused by water-related disasters, by 2030
Appropriate means of implementation
- Support effortS in developing countries on water and sanitation activities and programmes, through provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer.
Focus area 7. Energy
Ensure access to affordable, sustainable, and reliable modern energy services for all
a) by 2030 ensure universal access to (sustainable modern) energy services
increase significantly (double) the share of renewable energy (n the global energy mix) by 2030 according to national circumstances.
b) Increase significantly (double) the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency, (including in buildings, industry, agriculture and transport), by 2030 according to national circumstances.
c) (by 2030 increase by x% the share of clean and low- or zero-emission energy technologies, including sustainable biomass and advanced cookstoves)
d) (by 2030 phase out fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption)
Appropriate means of implementation
- Encouraging public and private sector investment, in particular public-private partnerships, in relevant and needed cleaner energy technologies.
- Encourage the use of TRIPS flexibilities in relation to promoting the use of environmentally sound energy technologies.
- Strengthen international cooperation, including the provision of financial resources, building and technology transfer to developing countries to support their efforts towards universal energy access.
- Enable greater access by developing countries to affordable access to clean energy technology, and in this regard, operationalize the UN Global Technology Facilitation Mechanism by 2017.
- Remove by 20xx, barriers that developing countries face or may face, in obtaining access to clean energy technologies.
Focus area 8. Economic growth, employment and infrastructure
Promote (sustainable), inclusive and sustained economic growth and decent jobs for all in harmony with nature
a) Sustain, through redistributive policies, the income growth of the bottom 40% of the income distribution and the most vulnerable of each country to reduce income inequalities by 2030
a bis) By 2030 increase significantly the incomes of economic activities of community organization, small-scale producers and microenterprises in all sectors.
a ter) Support the development and improver the provision in particular in developing countries of reliable and sustainable, including road and rail links, ports, air and trade routes, financial services and ICT connectivity.
b) achieve full (and productive) employment and decent work for all including youth and (who seek employment including for) marginalized groups by 2030
c) (halve the number of youth not in employment, education or training by 2020)
d) (by 2030 improve by x% the energy and resource productivity of economic activities and reduce by y% their waste and emissions per unit of output)
e) Devise and implement policies aimed at increasing the role of SMEs in national economies as well as community and indigenous and peasants organizations and promoting and supporting (create appropriate climate for SMEs), entrepreneurship and innovation by 2020
f) increase the share of high productivity sectors and activities in the economy , while promoting development and restoration and regeneration of ecosystems, and strengthen productive capacities through technological upgrading and greater value addition, with a particular focus on LDCs
g) develop sustainable infrastructure accessible to all , with attention to needs of countries in special situations , and by 2030 provide access for 100% of rural populations to basic infrastructure and services, including water supply services.
h) protect the rights of all workers, including migrant workers, in compliance with ILO fundamental rights at work
i) end child labour by 2030
j) encourage the access of the (formalization of) informal sector to social security. (activities and employment)
Appropriate means of implementation
- Facilitating international technology cooperation and technology transfer, particularly for environmentally sound technologies.
- Developing countries to be provided with international financing to enable them to implement growth and development strategies.
- International trade and investment rules should be designed to promote growth and development of developing countries, especially low income countries.
- Debt relief for developing countries.
- Establishing a UN Global Technology Facilitation Mechanism.
- Create conducive regulatory and financial systems at all levels to promote sustained growth in developing countries.
- Promote trade facilitation and market access for developing countries.
- Provide support to developing countries in planning and building resilient infrastructure including for disaster risk reduction.
Focus area 9. Industrialization and promoting equality among nations
Promote (sustainable) industrialization (and equality among nations)
a) ensure adequate policy space and promote (a conducive policy environment for) industrial development, and entrepreneurship, including encouragement of SMEs, indigenous and small-scale production. (including encouragement of industrial entrepreneurship and enterprise formation with inclusion of SMEs)
a bis) Ensure the inclusion of SME and community organizations to the process of industrialization.
a ter) Increase economic diversification in developing countries including by adding value to raw materials and commodities through domestic processing and manufacturing.
a quat) Achieve sustained industrial development in developing countries including by adding value to raw materials and commodities through domestic processing and manufacturing.
A quint) Ensure favourable market access for industrial products of developing countries.
b) create decent industrial sector jobs and promote job-rich industrial development
c) achieve high productivity levels across industrial sectors in all countries
d) by 2030 increase industrial diversity particularly in developing countries, with a focus on shifting towards higher value-added activities
e) (by 2030, increase by x% the resource-efficiency of industry , reduce by y% harmful chemicals used and waste generated , and decrease by z% the intensity of carbon emissions from the industrial sector)
f) (increase by a factor of x the share of environmentally sustainable products and services in GDP)
g) by 2020 implement plans and measures to strengthen the technological capabilities of industrial sectors, including plans to accelerate development transfer and adoption of environmentally sound industrial technologies and processes
h) (by 2030 retrofit x% of existing industries on global level based on energy and resource-efficient technologies and environmentally sound industrial processes)
Appropriate means of implementation
- Ensure that international trade rules and regulations are consistent with the objectives of industrial development and technologies progress in developing countries in order to ensure equality of economic opportunities for all.
- Strengthen international cooperation; including the provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer to developing countries “in support of developing countries” industrial development objectives.
- Developing countries to be provided with international financing, technology and capacity building to enable them to develop their infrastructure.
Focus area 10. Sustainable cities and human settlements
Build inclusive, safe and sustainable cities and human settlements
a) By 2030, ensure universal access to adequate and affordable housing and basic services for all , and eliminate slum-like conditions everywhere
b) By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport for all , improve road safety and urban air quality
c) enhance capacities for integrated urban planning and management
d) (by 2030, reduce the ecological footprints of cities by x%)
e) by 2020, increase by x% the number of (cities) rural and urban areas adopting and implementing policies and plans towards resilience and adaptation to climate change and natural disasters
f) by 2030 enhance social cohesion and personal security, and ensure universal access to inclusive and safe public spaces
g) by 2030 ensure that all cities are accessible and offer opportunities to persons with disabilities
h) protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
Appropriate means of implementation
- Provide developing countries with enhanced international financing to enable them to promote sustainable human settlement.
- Support the development and improve the provision in particular in developing countries of reliable and sustainable transport, including road and rail links, ports, air and trade routes, financial services and ICT connectivity.
- Assist developing countries in enhancing their capacities and ensure affordable access to related know-how, science, technologies and innovations.
Focus area 11. Sustainable Consumption and Production
Promote sustainable consumption and production patterns
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 12. Climate change
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 13. Conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas
Take urgent and significant actions for the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 14. Ecosystems and biodiversity
Protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems and halt all biodiversity loss
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED TARGETS OF THIS AREA HAVE BEEN SENT INDIVIDUALLY BY THE MEMBERS OF THE TROIKA
Focus area 15. Means of implementation/Global partnership for sustainable development
Strengthen global partnership for sustainable development
Means of implementation
WE PROPOSE TO WORK ON THE BASIS OF THE PROPOSALS SUBMITTED BY EGYPT.
Focus area 16. Peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law and capable institutions
Peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law and capable institutions
Regarding Focus Area 16, our troika does not believe that something defined as “peaceful and inclusive societies” thus focusing in prevention of conflict and other phenomena should be included as an SDG. To us, prevention of conflict, violence and crime are the result of the strengthening of the rule of law, but at the same time, the strengthening of the rule of law goes well beyond the prevention of conflict and crime, and includes many other elements also essential for the development of the human being. We would then prefer to categorize a series of targets as “Rule of Law”.
So, going to rule of law, we must point out that we need to avoid incurring in trying to define the concept. There is not a unique model for compliance with the rule of law and doctrine is not pacific regarding its definition. The important thing is its content, and to draft it as specific targets.
We would prefer to incorporate such targets in the document is in a cross-cutting manner, because they are by nature enablers of development: that of humans and that of countries.
Regarding the proposals of the co-chairs, we are fine with most of them, so just a few observations, and proposals:
a) We understand the proposal to reduce in X percentage crime, violence and exploitation of women and children and other phenomena, although we are not sure that this is a target that could be subject to a percentage. It also departs from well known criteria for example, on address access to justice by women and protocols that need to be followed by the security sector.
b) The reference to justice should be to “accountable and independent justice”, as referred to in some other fora. Regarding specification of particular legal areas, we would prefer a more generic enunciation of the need to ensure access to justice by all and with respect to all branches of the law.
c) Regarding the link between public services for all and legal identity, we fail to see that link. Legal identity is a human right that needs to be ensured, we disagree with treating it as a public service.
d) We believe that the reference to “capable” institutions could be subject to misinterpretations. We would prefer to refer to “accountable institutions” which is what makes sense to citizens.
e) Regarding access to information by public, we believe it is a crucial element in the fight against corruption and the search for more transparency and better governance. We propose not to limit such access to the spheres of public finance, public procurement and development plans.
f) Regarding the reduction of corruption, we are not convinced a target defining a percentage is the right way to go. By its own nature, corruption could be difficult to measure and a target agreed to with a percentage would in fact be counterproductive in the efforts to combat corruption.
g) We believe the fight against impunity for serious crimes of international concern cannot be left aside. We therefore propose to include the need to ensure accountability for such crimes, to bring justice and reparation to victims and to ensure sustainability of peace and reconciliation processes in conflict and post-conflict situations.
h) There are many targets with respect to the rights of the individual that could be included. Many rights, including equality and non discrimination, are essential to the human person. These issues could easily enjoy consensus as they derive from conventional norms of international law. Also, the General Assembly made reference to many human rights issues in its High Level Declaration on the Rule of Law. We would like to see more targets related to the rights of individuals and groups as such in this document.
Finally, a more general comment that goes to the substance of the whole issue:
The General Assembly has been dealing with this issue as “The Rule of Law at the National and International Levels”. We fail to see why there is no proposal regarding the international level, even when the GA itself has agreed on some issues at its High Level Declaration on the Rule of Law. We can see think of the fact that certain things cannot be objectives as they are fundamental obligations of States, such as respect of the UN Charter or compliance with international law. But some others could be easily incorporated as they have a strong link with the interlinkages between development and rule of law at the national level. For example, the use of unilateral measures against developing countries can affect their ability to trade and to grow and many times they do not conform to international law, the need to make progress in mandates at the WTO that generate a disadvantageous situation for many countries, in particular developing ones, such as negotiations on subsidies to agriculture; and the many times mentioned need to reform international financial institutions. As I said, the High Level Declaration adopted by the General Assembly included many of these aspects, we believe they should be also included.
PLEASE DELETE ALL ENDNOTES, SINCE THE ATTRIBUTIONS WERE NOT CORRECT.
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