Voûte Nubienne (Nubian Vault)
Description
Source:
La Voute Nubienne est un procédé architectural antique, venu du haut Nil, et historiquement inconnu en Afrique de l Ouest , représente aujourd hui une réponse africaine aux problèmes constructif du bâtiment sub-saharien. Cette technique, la voûte nubienne, permet de construire avec un outillage basique, des matériaux locaux et des compétences techniques simples des habitations aux toitures voûtées restaurant la possibilité du toit terrasse.Sa spécificité consiste en l utilisation de la terre crue, matière première abondante, malaxée sous forme de mortier et de briques séchées au soleil et de se passer de l utilisation de coffrage pour le bâti de la partie voûtée.La technique de la voûte nubienne a été adaptée pour s inscrire facilement dans le mode de vie et d apprentissage des populations concernées. Il en ressort une méthode épurée, facile à mettre en oeuvre et à transmettre par l exemple. Le procédé d origine a également été adapté aux fortes précipitations que connaissent ponctuellement les régions sub-sahariennes.Les matériaux utilisés (terre et pierre) pour le gros oeuvre du bâti sont pratiquement toujours disponibles à proximité des chantiers, seules les ressources en eau peuvent présenter des difficultés d approvisionnement suivant les lieux et les saisons.Cette solution technique offre aux populations une alternative concrète aux toitures de bois ou de tôle. Il est donc indispensable de la vulgariser à grande échelle. Cest l objectif que s est fixé l association « La Voûte Nubienne », par son programme de vulgarisation "pour des Toits de Terre au Sahel ».
The Nubian Vault is an ancient architectural technique, traditionally used in Sudan and central Asia, but until now unknown in West Africa, can provide the answer to the current problems of house-building in the Sahel. This technique - la "Voute Nubienne" or VN - makes it possible to build houses with vaulted roofs (on top of which a traditional flat roof terrace can be constructed) using basic, readily available local materials and simple, easily learnt, procedures. The only raw material used is earth, for making both mortar, and mud bricks dried in the sun; timber shuttering is not required to support the vault during construction and the traditional methods have been simplified, and adapted to provide protection during the short but heavy rainy seasons of sub-Saharan Africa.The major cost element in using the VN method is labour, thus keeping cash in the local economy; the raw materials are locally available and ecologically sound.The VN technique provides people with a feasible alternative to building with imported sheet roofing materials and timber. It is essential that the technique becomes more widely adopted, and this is the declared aim of the "Voute Vubienne" association, through its programme Earth roofs in the Sahel.The VN technique has been adapted to match the prevalent customs and traditional ways of imparting skills, especially in rural communities. The result is a streamlined technique, easy both to put into practice and to teach by example.Most VN buildings to date are in rural areas, but the VN technique can be used in denser urban and peri-urban zones. The additional expense of transport of bricks and water to urban sites, and higher labour costs, may be counter-balanced by lower material costs, especially for two-storey buildings, when a VN vault can replace a costly reinforced concrete structure.
SDGS & Targets
Goal 8
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
8.1
8.1.1
Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
8.2
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
8.2.1
Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person
8.3
Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
8.3.1
Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex
8.4
Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead
8.4.1
Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
8.4.2
Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP
8.5
8.5.1
Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
8.5.2
Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
8.6
8.6.1
Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training
8.7
Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
8.7.1
Proportion and number of children aged 5‑17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age
8.8
Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
8.8.1
Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers, by sex and migrant status
8.8.2
Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status
8.9
By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
8.9.1
Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate
8.10
Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
8.10.1
(a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults
8.10.2
Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider
8.a
8.a.1
Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements
8.b
By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
8.b.1
Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy