Global Slavery Index: Measuring Modern Slavery to Monitor Change and Reduce Incidence of Forced Labour and Forced Marriage
Description
Measuring modern slavery is a very difficult undertaking due to the hidden nature of this crime. A dedicated team of researchers and statisticians based in Perth, Australia, Washington D.C, USA, and Hull, UK, are continually investigating improved ways to measure this crime. The team also work in consultation with an international panel of experts from international organisations, think tanks and academic institutions. Surveys represent the most accurate method for estimating the numbers of people living in modern slavery. The Walk Free Foundation commissioned Gallup to conduct nationally representative, random-sample surveys in 26 countries. The data obtained from these surveys represents 44% of the world’s population, with more surveys planned to cover greater percentages of the population in coming years.The results from these surveys are considered alongside data from other pre-existing surveys and a review of secondary sources. An extrapolation method has been developed for the remaining countries that took into account factors including vulnerability, geography, and country context to produce an appropriate estimate. The preliminary prevalence estimates are then reviewed against secondary source estimates and qualitative information collated for 58 countries. Final country level adjustments are made to specific countries where the evidence suggested it was justified, in particular for Small Island Developing States. The Index also measures how governments are responding to modern slavery. Data is collected against five objectives for each country: 1. Survivors are identified, and supported to exit and remain out of modern slavery. 2. Criminal justice mechanisms address modern slavery. 3. Coordination and accountability mechanisms for the central government are in place. 4. Attitudes, social systems and institutions that enable modern slavery are addressed. 5. Businesses and governments through their public procurement stop sourcing goods and services that use modern slavery. The government response section measures change and monitors best practice in effort to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and eliminate the worst forms of child labour. As a politically independent assessment, it provides unparalleled insight into government action and inaction. The Global Slavery Index examines the contextual factors that impact on the vulnerability of people in a country to modern slavery. Information is collected from reputable sources on 37 variables across five dimensions that affect vulnerability to enslavement. Through statistical testing the Index examines the relationship between these factors and the prevalence of modern slavery.
The Walk Free Foundation already knowledge shares with different experts and governments wanting to improve their prevalence estimation methodology. All our methodology, including research instruments, are available free of charge online.
The Global Slavery Index is the flagship report produced by the Walk Free Foundation, a global human rights organisation dedicated to ending modern slavery. The Walk Free Foundation was founded by Australian philanthropists, Andrew and Nicola Forrest. The methodology for the Index was developed by an internal research team and through external consultations with an international and independent Expert Advisory Group. For more information, see http://www.walkfreefoundation.org/
* WISE – Wilberforce Institute for the Study of Slavery and Emancipation
* Gallup
SDGS & Targets
Goal 8
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
8.1
8.1.1
Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
8.2
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
8.2.1
Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person
8.3
Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
8.3.1
Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex
8.4
Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead
8.4.1
Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
8.4.2
Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP
8.5
8.5.1
Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
8.5.2
Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
8.6
8.6.1
Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training
8.7
Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
8.7.1
Proportion and number of children aged 5‑17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age
8.8
Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
8.8.1
Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers, by sex and migrant status
8.8.2
Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status
8.9
By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
8.9.1
Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate
8.10
Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
8.10.1
(a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults
8.10.2
Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider
8.a
8.a.1
Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements
8.b
By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
8.b.1
Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy
Goal 5
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
5.1
End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
5.1.1
Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non‑discrimination on the basis of sex
5.2
5.2.1
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age
5.2.2
Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence
5.3
5.3.1
Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18
5.3.2
Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age
5.4
Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
5.4.1
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location
5.5
Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life
5.5.1
Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments
5.5.2
Proportion of women in managerial positions
5.6
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
5.6.1
Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care
5.6.2
Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee full and equal access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education
5.a
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws
5.a.1
(a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure
5.a.2
Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control
5.b
5.b.1
Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex
5.c
Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
5.c.1
Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment
SDG 14 targets covered
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Deliverables & Timeline
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Contact Information
Fiona David, Executive Director of Global Research
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