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United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development
Topics

Small Island Developing States

Description

The Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) adopted in 1994, further complemented by The Mauritius Strategy of Implementation (MSI) of 2005 and MSI+5 Outcome document, recognized that although they are afflicted by economic difficulties and confronted by development imperatives similar to those of developing countries generally, small island developing States (SIDS) have their own peculiar vulnerabilities and characteristics. SIDS’ unique and particular vulnerabilities are highlighted in “The Future We Want”, adopted at The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (also known as Rio+20) that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 2012 - their small size, remoteness, narrow resource and export base, and exposure to global environmental challenges and external economic shocks, including to a large range of impacts from climate change and potentially more frequent and intense natural disasters (para 178). SIDS continue to address those structural and external challenges to achieve their sustainable development.

The Third International Conference on SIDS was held in Apia, Samoa, in September 2014, with the overarching theme of “The sustainable development of small island developing States through genuine and durable partnerships”. Nearly 300 partnerships were announced at the conference and monitored through the Partnership Platform. The SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway (Samoa Pathway) adopted at the Conference addresses priority areas for SIDS and calls for urgent actions and support for SIDS’ efforts to achieve their sustainable development.

UN-DESA , leads inter-agency coordination within the United Nations system through the Executive Committee of Economic and Social Affairs Plus (ECESA Plus), and among UN and non-UN entities active on SIDS issues through the Inter-Agency Consultative Group (IACG) on SIDS, to monitor the implementation of the BPOA, MSI, and the Samoa Pathway, as well as the progress being made in the SIDS partnerships. Moreover, UN-DESA, and particularly the SIDS Unit provides technical assistance and advice, supports intergovernmental processes and reports on progress made in the implementation of the BPOA, MSI, and the Samoa Pathway.

For more information and documents on this topic, please visit this link

Displaying 16 - 30 of 852
Title Type Date
Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 6 Background documents 31-Aug-2023
Advancing SDG7 in Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States Background documents 31-Aug-2023
Background note – session 2 Background Notes 24-Jul-2023
2018 HLPF Thematic Review - Transformation Toward Sustainable and Resilient Societies: SIDS Perspective… Background Notes 6-Jul-2018
Background note – session 6 Background Notes 20-Jul-2023
Background note - session 3 Background Notes 4-Aug-2023
Roundtable 1 Background Notes 13-Aug-2023
Background note – session 1 Background Notes 17-Jul-2023
Roundtable 4 Background Notes 13-Aug-2023
Background note - session 5 Background Notes 4-Aug-2023
Roundtable 2 Background Notes 13-Aug-2023
Background note – session 4 Background Notes 17-Jul-2023
SIDS Partnership Criteria and Norms Background Notes 29-Oct-2018
Roundtable 5 Background Notes 13-Aug-2023
Background note - session 6 Background Notes 4-Aug-2023

Milestones

  • January 1992 Agenda 21 (Chap. 17 g)
    In Chapter 17.g, Member States commit themselves to addressing the problems of sustainable development of small island developing States. To this end, Agenda 21 recognizes the need "to adopt and implement plans and programmes to support the sustainable development and utilization of their marine and coastal resources, including meeting essential human needs, maintaining biodiversity and improving the quality of life for island people" as well as the need for the adoption of "measures which will enable small island developing States to cope effectively, creatively and sustainably with environmental change and to mitigate impacts and reduce the threats posed to marine and coastal resources".

UN MEMBERS (37)

Atlantic, Indian Ocean and South China Sea (AIS) (8)

Cabo Verde

Comoros

Guinea-Bissau

Maldives

Mauritius

Sao Tomé and Principe

Seychelles

Singapore

 

Caribbean (16)

Antigua and Barbuda

Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Cuba

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Grenada

Guyana

Haiti

Jamaica

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Suriname

Trinidad and Tobago

 

Pacific (13)

Fiji

Kiribati

Marshall Islands

Micronesia (Federated States of)

Nauru

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Samoa

Solomon Islands

Timor-Leste

Tonga

Tuvalu

Vanuatu

 

NON-UN MEMBERS/ASSOCIATE MEMBERS OF REGIONAL COMMISSIONS (20)

 

American Samoa

Anguilla

Aruba

Bermuda

British Virgin Islands

Cayman Islands

Commonwealth of Northern Marianas

Cook Islands

Curacao

French Polynesia

Guadeloupe

Guam

Martinique

Montserrat

New Caledonia

Niue

Puerto Rico

Sint Maarten

Turks and Caicos Islands

U.S. Virgin Islands

Multidimensional Vulnerability Index for SIDS

The need and call for the development of indices that adequately capture the special vulnerabilities of small island developing States (SIDS) has been around since the adoption of the Agenda 21. The call was repeated in the Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA), mentioned in the Mauritius Strategy and re-echoed in the S.A.M.O.A Pathway.

For the last 3 decades, a plethora of UN General Assembly resolutions also carried similar repeated calls, the latest of which was in December 2020, Paragraph 8(a) of Resolution A/RES/75/215, where the Assembly calls on the UN Secretary-General:

“To provide recommendations as part of his report on the present resolution to the General Assembly at its 76th session on the potential development and coordination of work within the UN system on a multidimensional vulnerability index for small island developing States, including on its potential finalization and use;”

This MVI page carries and reflect the discussions and work towards the possible development and use of  the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI).

 

SIDS partnership toolbox

Inter-Agency Consultative Group (IACG) on SIDS

The IACG is an informal consultative mechanism at the working level in which the SIDS focal points of relevant UN agencies as well as international and regional intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) come together to exchange views and information. The SIDS-focused and hybrid membership composed of the UN and non-UN agencies make it an effective tool for maintaining the momentum created at the Third International Conference on SIDS in Samoa, 2014, and for keeping SIDS issues high on the international agenda. This group also explores ways and means to enhance coordinated and collaborative actions in support of SIDS in implementing the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway (Samoa Pathway) based on their respective areas of expertise.

Learn more about the IACG here.

SG Report Submissions

Paragraph 20 of resolution 75/215 requested the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, at its seventy-sixth session, a report on the follow-up to and implementation of the Samoa Pathway, including on progress made and continuing challenges faced, and on the efforts to assist small island developing States to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Submissions received are as per below: (submission listed in alphabetical order).

Member States Inputs UN Organizations Inputs
Argentina https://sdgs.un.org/documents/argentina-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34261 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD Secretariat) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/cbd-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34265
Austria https://sdgs.un.org/documents/austria-sg-report-samoa-pathway-input-34240 The Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (DOALOS) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/doalos-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34266
Belgium https://sdgs.un.org/documents/belgium-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34241 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/eclac-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34267
Denmark https://sdgs.un.org/documents/denmark-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34242 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/escap-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34268
France https://sdgs.un.org/documents/france-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34243 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/fao-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34269
Ireland https://sdgs.un.org/documents/ireland-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34244 Global Environment Facility (GEF) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/gef-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34270
Italy https://sdgs.un.org/documents/italy-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34245 International Labour Organization (ILO) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/ilo-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34271
Japan https://sdgs.un.org/documents/japan-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34246 International Monetary Fund (IMF) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/imf-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34272
Malta https://sdgs.un.org/documents/malta-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34247 International Organization for Migration (IOM) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/iom-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34273
Mauritius https://sdgs.un.org/documents/mauritius-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34248 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/irena-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34274
New Zealand https://sdgs.un.org/documents/new-zealand-input-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34249 International Trade Centre (ITC) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/itc-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34275
    United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (OHRLLS) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/ohrlls-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34276
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unctad-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34277
    United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/undp-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34278
    The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/undrr-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34279
    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unep-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34280
    The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)  https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unesco-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34281
    United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unfpa-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34282
    United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unicef-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34283
    United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unido-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34287
    United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unodc-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34288
    United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/unops-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34289
    World Food Programme (WFP) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/wfp-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34290
    World Health Organization (WHO) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/who-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34291
    World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) https://sdgs.un.org/documents/wipo-inputs-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34292
    Organization Summary Compilation https://sdgs.un.org/documents/organization-summary-compilation-sg-report-samoa-pathway-34293

SAMOA Pathway Indicators

Pursuant to Paragraph 20 of resolution 74/217, the Secretariat conducted a study to identify the Samoa Pathway priority areas not covered by the Sustainable Development Goals or the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–20, and if any, to develop those Targets and Indicators. 

Disaster Risks Funding Landscape

UNGA Resolution A/RES/74/217 requested the Secretary-General to conduct, in consultation with Member States, all relevant United Nations system entities and other relevant stakeholders, an examination of the disaster-related funding and support environment, with a view to the possible development of a targeted voluntary disaster fund, mechanism or financial instrument, coordinated with and complementary to existing mechanisms, to assist small island developing States in managing disaster risk and building back better after disasters, and to report thereon at the seventy-sixth session of the General Assembly.

SG Report Submissions

Paragraph 21 of resolution A/RES/76/203 requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, at its seventy-seventh session, a report on the follow-up to and implementation of the Samoa Pathway, including on progress made and continuing challenges faced, on the implementation of the present resolution, building on the discussions and outcomes of the high-level meeting to review progress made in addressing the priorities of small island developing States through the implementation of the Samoa Pathway, convened in September 2019, and on the efforts to assist small island developing States to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Submission received are as per below: (in alphabetical order).

Member States Inputs UN Organizations Inputs
Austria https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Austria_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf United Nations Economic Commission for Africa https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/ECA_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
Jamaica https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Jamaica_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf The Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (DOALOS) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/DOALOS_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
Japan https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Japan_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/ECLAC_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
Malta https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Malta_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/ESCAP_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/FAO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
Table of Available Data https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/TableofAvailableData.pdf Global Environment Facility (GEF) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/GEF_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/IAEA_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/ICAO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    International Maritime Organization (IMO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/IMO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    International Organization for Migration (IOM) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/IOM_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNCTAD_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)  https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNESCO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNFPA_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNHabitat_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNIDO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNODC_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNDRR_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (OHRLLS) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/OHRLLS_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNOPS_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    World Food Programme (WFP) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/WFP_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    World Health Organization (WHO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/WHO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/WIPO_Inputs_SGReport_2022.pdf
    World Trade Organization (WTO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/WTO_Inputs_SGReport_202
       
Member States Inputs UN Organizations Inputs
Guatemala https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Guatemala_Inputs_2022_UN_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf Association of Caribbean States https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/ACS_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
Honduras https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Honduras_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/ECLAC_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
Malta https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Malta_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/FAO_%20Inputs_2022_UN_SG_%20Report_%20on_%20Caribbean_Sea.pdf
Mexico https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Mexico_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/IAEA_Input_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_%20Sea.pdf
    Pan American Health Organization/WHO https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/PAHO_WHO_%20Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNCTAD_Inputs_2022_UN_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
    The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNDRR_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNEP_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
    United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNIDO_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
    United Nations Development Programme https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNDP_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean_Sea.pdf
    United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UNODC_Inputs_2022_SG_Report_on_Caribbean%20Sea.pdf
       

Paragraph 44 of the General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/245 requested the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, at its 78th session, a report on the follow-up to and implementation of the Samoa Pathway, including on progress made and continuing challenges. The Secretariat requested member States, UN system organizations and entities and all stakeholders to provide information accordingly. Below are the responses received, posted in their entirety. The Secretariat convey’ s its upmost gratitude to all contributors and apologize that due to strict word count restrictions, not all information were reflected in the Secretary-General’s Report.

Submission received are as per below: (in alphabetical order).

Member States Inputs UN Organizations Inputs
Australia https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Australia_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/ECA_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Austria https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Austria_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/ECLAC_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Belize https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Belize_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/FAO_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Dominican Republic  https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Dominican-Republic_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf International Maritime Organization (IMO) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/IMO_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
France https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/France_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf International Organization for Migration (IOM) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/IOM_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Latvia https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Latvia_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf International Trade Centre (ITC) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/ITC_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Malta https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Malta_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/ITU_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Mauritius https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Mauritius_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/OHCHR_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
New Zealand https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/New-Zealand_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/CBD_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Portugal https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Portugal_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNDRR_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Russian Federation https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Russian_Federation_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf United Nations Conference on Trade and Development https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNCTAD_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
Seychelles https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Seychelles_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf United Nations Environment Programme https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNEP_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNFCCC_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Population Fund https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNFPA_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Children's Fund https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNICEF_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Industrial Development Organization https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNIDO_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Offce on Drugs and Crime https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNODC_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNOHRLLS_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations Office for Project Services https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/UNOPS_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    United Nations World Food Programme https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/WFP_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    World Health Organization https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/WHO_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    World Intelectual Property Organization https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/WIPO_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf
    The World Trade Organization https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/WTO_Inputs_SGReport_2023.pdf

S-G Report: https://sdgs.un.org/documents/report-secretary-general-samoa-pathway-2023-54020